7 Luck-Boosting Remedies for Adulthood

Fujian Province is located on the southeast coast of China, facing Taiwan Province across the Taiwan Strait to the east, bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, and Guangdong to the south. Surrounded by mountains and seas, with winding coasts and numerous harbors and islands, there are 1400 bird islands in the province, second only to Zhejiang and ranking second in the country. There are many mountains and hills, which can be divided into western Fujian mountains central Fujian mountains and coastal plains. The main mountains are Mount Wuyi Daiyun Mountain, etc. The Minjiang River is the most important river within the territory. It belongs to subtropical humid monsoon climate, with frequent typhoons in summer and autumn, and an annual precipitation of about 1500 millimeters. I personally think that the impact of such a special geographical environment on Fujian culture can be divided into two aspects. On the one hand, the mountainous geographical environment has created characteristics of inland culture; On the other hand, the geographical environment of multiple harbors along the coast has created characteristics of marine culture.

(一)内陆文化的特征.福建的山地面积占全省总面积的80％,自古就有“东南山国”之称.西北有武夷山山脉\东北有太姥山脉\西南有博平山山脉\中部有鹫峰\戴云两山脉.在古代外省入闽主要通过仙霞关\杉关\崇安分水关\福鼎分水关\诏安分水关,这五个关口入闽,而这些地方地势非常的险要,要入闽实属不易,史书记载“闽道更比蜀道难”.再者,从福建人口的聚集地来看,盆地是居民密集的聚集地,例如浦城\武夷山\建瓯\邵武\顺昌\尤溪\三明\永安\长汀\上杭\漳平\德化\华安\古田和屏南等都是人口聚集的盆地.因此,这样的地理环境造成了古代福建交通的闭塞,不同区域的人们处于相对隔绝的状态,这样对文化所造成的影响主要有以下几点:1.①在很长的一段历史时期(约中晚唐之前)福建文化落后于北方.福建地处东南在古代是属于蛮荒之地,落后的交通使得中原的文化要传到福建变的非常的困难,而土著的闽越人自身文化又相对的落后.同时福建相对的隔绝的地理环境有利于形成不同的方言,而不同的方言却不利于人们口头的交流和文化的传播.②有明显的区域文化的特征.福建是一个移民的省份,在两晋南北朝\唐前期\唐末五代\两宋之交\明清时期北方大量的移民涌入福建,由于移民的时间;与当地的土著居民融合的程度不同,再加上省内\省外交通不便等原因形成了福建不同的方言区,如闽东方言区\兴化方言区\闽南方言区\闽北方言区\闽客方言区.而在不同的方言区又形成了各具地方特色的民间信仰.例如,闽东方言区信仰监水夫人和五帝;兴化方言区信仰妈祖;闽北方言区信仰扣冰辟支古佛;闽客方言区信仰定光古佛.不同的民间信仰又促成具有地方特色的戏剧.例如,有莆仙戏\高甲戏\芗剧等.福建属亚热带湿润季风气候,多山,适合蚊虫的生长,蛇类众多,古代先民对蛇既害怕又崇拜,从而形成了蛇的图腾.在古代使用干栏式的建筑也与这样的气候有关.如果按河流的分布来看福建的文化可以分为闽江流域\木兰溪流域\晋江流域的三大文化圈.所以,福建文化本身有很强的小地域色彩.2.许多中原古文化在福建较完整地保存了下来.①福建的方言中保存了大量的古音\古词.一些古汉语中常用的词汇在普通话中已不用或少用了,但是在福建的方言中却被保存了下来并还在使用,仍然有它的生命力.例如古汉语的“鼎”,也就是现代汉语的锅,在福建的方言中还清晰可辨,再如古汉语的“面”,也就是现代汉语的脸,也一样非常容易辨别出来.②在福建的许多乡村中保存着聚族而居的传统.聚族而居的传统原本起源于北方,但是由于历史\地理的原因这样的传统在北方现在已经逐渐消失.在南方的福建却保存了下来.原因主要有这些,北方的移民利用宗族克服南迁途中的种种的困难;利用宗族同当地的土著进行抵抗;不同时期的移民利用宗族争夺生存的空间和政治利益;多山的地理环境容易形成聚族而居的村落.③形成完整的理学体系.理学的来源之一是儒学,而儒学在汉代以后随着移民南迁传入福建,到了宋代,朱熹为代表的闽学流派对释\道\儒加以改造,构筑了完整的理学体系.④在民俗中保留了大量的中原古风.两晋南北朝以后,中原民俗传入福建,由于交通不便和聚族而居等原因,保留的相当的完整.例如,现在福建的端午节\重阳节\寒食节等很多都是从北方传入的.

(二)海洋文化的特征.福建海岸属于基岩海岸,海岸线漫长而曲折,长达3051．02公里,仅次于山东省,居全国第二位,岸线曲折率为1:5.7,居全国第一位.山丘向海延伸,形成曲折的海岸和众多的港湾.全省有大小港湾125个,其中较大和较重要的港湾自北而南有沙埕港\福宁湾\三沙湾\罗源湾\福州港\兴化湾\湄洲湾\泉州湾\厦门港\金门湾和东山湾等.沙埕港\三都澳\罗源湾\湄洲湾\厦门港和东山港是福建省六大深水港湾.福建的港湾一般深度较大,两侧有半岛和岬角环抱,形成“口小腹大”的形势,风小浪弱,不冻,少淤,港域广阔,掩护条件好.天然良港的优越地理环境,再加上“八山一水一分田”不适合耕作的内陆环境,使得沿海的居民把眼光放到了海上.西晋:闽江和晋江流域的海运已有相当规模,造船业发达,出现了“八槽舰”的水密舱技术.隋唐:海运北至日本\高丽,南至南洋各国.宋元:泉州成为“东方大港”,海上丝绸之路的起点.明:漳州月港日趋繁盛.这些海外贸易的发展反映在文化上则是福建带有浓厚的海洋文化色彩.

1\重利的价值观.在古代的中国长期以来重本抑末,“以末致之,以本守之”,这样的观念根深蒂固.而福建由于海外贸易和商业的繁荣,重义轻利的价值观受到了严重的冲击.宋代刘克庄就指出当时的泉州是一个“只博黄金不博诗”的典型商业社会.明以后则进一步加强,李贽感叹道:“天下尽市井之道也.”商业受到了极大的重视.

2\敢于冒险的性格.古代的航海和海外贸易几乎是一种生命的赌博,非常的危险.航海要面临惊涛骇浪,船只随时有可能被大海所吞没的危险.因此,航海的人常常不得不面临生与死的考验,这就使得他们在心理上能够面对各种艰难的挑战,敢于去冒险.如泉南人信奉“三分天注定,七分靠打拼”,特别晋江\石狮一带商人,推崇“少年不打拼．老来无名声”,“输人不输阵,输阵番薯面”,“争气不争财”,“三分本事七分胆,”随着时间的推移,这种冒险的性格到了明清时期发展成为积极进取的开拓的精神,在开发台湾省和东南亚地区中起了非常重要的作用.

3\漠视礼教.沿海的家庭由于男子多出外经商谋生,妇女渐渐冲破礼教的束缚走出家门.在中国传统的礼教以俭朴为美德,由于商业经济的发达,耻贫夸富却成为泉州地区的风尚.在衣着上也发生了很大的变化.例如\泉州惠安解放前的服饰被叫作“封建头,民主肚;节约衣,浪费裤”就很能说明问题.

4\开放融合的特性.商品经济和海外贸易的发达,使宋元时期福建东南沿海地区以开放的姿态对待外来文化,特别是泉州,宋元时期泉州地区除了传统的道\佛\自然崇拜\祖先\鬼神,还有从外国传入的伊斯兰教\基督教聂斯脱里派\天主教方济格派\婆罗门教\印度教.泉州成了“宗教的博物馆”,这与其融合的精神是分不开的.

5. The spirit of patriotism. The strong and combative personality of the people of Fujian is closely related to their original clan consciousness, and conflicts between villages often occurred during the Ming and Qing dynasties in the southern Fujian region of Fujian. We will not investigate the cause of the armed conflict for now, but we can see that it is precisely this character of unwillingness to be oppressed that can rise up and fight back in the face of foreign invasion in modern times, defend their hometown and country. For example, in the cultural area of southern Fujian, the Ming Qi family army fought against Japanese pirates, the Qing and Zheng successfully recaptured Taiwan, and dozens of overseas Chinese such as Chen Jiageng, Huang Bianzhu, Han Xiqi, and Li Guangqian donated to their hometowns in modern times. For example, in the cultural area of northern Fujian, influenced by Zhu Xi’s ideology, scholars in northern Fujian emphasized loyalty and righteousness. At the critical moment of national survival, they advocated loyalty and righteousness, and opposed peace negotiations. In modern times, a group of patriots and famous scholars emerged in the Fuzhou Cultural District, such as Lin Zexu, Yan Fu, and Lin Juemin, who wrote patriotic chapters with their strong patriotic spirit and noble national temperament.

In short, Fujian, with its unique geographical environment of being close to mountains and seas, has created a distinct dual color of inland culture and maritime culture。